Tympanosclerosis is a chronic disease that involves inflammation, fibrosis, and calcification of the tympanic membrane and other structures within the middle ear.

Aetiology

The exact cause of tympanosclerosis remains unclear, but it is believed to be associated with chronic otitis media and the insertion of tympanostomy tubes, also known as grommets.

Other potential contributing factors may include trauma, ototoxic drugs, and genetic predisposition.

PC

The primary symptom of tympanosclerosis is significant hearing loss. Upon physical examination, the tympanic membrane will often display chalky white patches due to the calcification process.

Differential Diagnosis

The differential diagnosis for tympanosclerosis includes:

• Chronic otitis media: Characterised by recurrent ear infections, persistent ear discharge, fullness or pressure in the ear, and hearing loss.
• Otosclerosis: Presents with progressive conductive hearing loss, tinnitus, and occasionally vertigo.
• Cholesteatoma: Symptoms include hearing loss, ear discharge, and a sensation of fullness or pressure in the ear.

Investigations

The diagnosis of tympanosclerosis typically involves a comprehensive otoscopic examination and audiometric testing to assess the degree of hearing impairment.

Management

Management of tympanosclerosis primarily involves addressing the hearing loss. Common strategies include:

• The use of hearing aids to improve auditory function.