Retinal detachment is where the retina separates from the choroid underneath.

The outer retina relies on the blood vessels of the choroid for its blood supply. This makes retinal detachment a sight-threatening emergency unless quickly recognised and treated.

Aetiology:

• Rhegmatogenous RD - Seperation is due to a retinal discontinuity/tear (most common)
• Tractional RD - Due to proliferative membranes
• Exudative RD - caused by the sub-retinal accumulation of fluid, other than that originating in the vitreous cavity (leaking vessels)
• Haemorrhagic - Accumulation of subretinal blood

Risk factors:

Rhegmatogenous RD - Previous Hx of rhegmatogenous RD in fellow eye, previous cataract surgery, myopia, occular trauma

Non-rhegmatogenous RD - Diabetes mellitus, intraoccular trauma, age related macular degeneration

PC

*presence of risk factors

Retinal detachment is a painless condition that can present with:

• Flashes of light and floaters initially
• Followed by a dense shadow starting peripherally and progressing centrally
• Loss or deterioration of central vision

Investigations