Types

• Renal cell carcinoma is an adenocarcinoma of the renal cortex and is believed to arise from the proximal convoluted tubule.
  • accounts for about 90% of kidney cancers
  • 25% have metastases at presentation
• TCC
  • account for 10% of renal tumours
  • Occupational exposure to industrial dyes and rubber chemicals may increase risk

Incidence is increasing along with stage migration to more early-stage diagnosis due to the frequent use of sensitive imaging. Often asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally.

Risk factors:

• Smoking
• Male sex
• Age over 55
• Residence in developed countries
• Obesity
• HTN
• Positive family Hx

PC

*Presence of R/F

• Asymptomatic (>50%)
• Haematuria (microscopic/gross)
  • may occur alone or with flank pain and a palpable abdominal mass - This triad suggests a larger tumour and worse prognosis
• pyrexia of unknown origin
• varicocele
  • majority are left-sided
  • caused by the tumour compressing veins