Ophthalmia neonatorum, also known as neonatal conjunctivitis, is an infection of the conjunctiva contracted by neonates within the first 28 days following birth.

Causes

The two most common causes are chlamydia and gonorrhoea. Gonococcal conjunctivitis commonly presents from 0-5 days following birth and with purulent discharge. Chlamydial conjunctivitis commonly presents from 5 days onwards following birth and with mucopurulent discharge. Left untreated, it can cause blindness.

Clinical features

Neonates may present with:

• hyperaemia
• swollen eyelids
• conjunctival discharge
• chemosis (oedema of the conjunctiva)

Management

• Take swabs
• Treatment is with intravenous and topical antibiotics.
• For suspected genococcal infection start systemic antibiotics after taking the swabs