Advantages - Cheap, no side effects, no ethical concerns
Disadvantages - Needs lots of patient education, high failure rate, self control needed,no STI protection
MOA - Avoid intervourse in the fertility window (4-5 days prior and 1-2 days after ovulation)
Efficacy - Low, needs lots of education
MOA - Penile withdrawal before ejaculation
Efficacy - very low
MOA - Regular breastfeeding results in elavated levels of prolactin - inhibits the pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus - interfers with HPO axis - preventing oestrogen secretion and ovulation
Efficacy - Good if adhering to regular and exclusive breast feeding