Hip fractures are common and lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The 30-day mortality is 5-10%. Half of patients become less independent after a hip fracture.

Types:

• Intracapsular
• Extracapsular

Risk factors:

• Increasing age (low energy injuries
• Osteoperosis
• Female
• Younger patients in high energy trauma

Note: Patients with severe OA in the hips are less likely to have a intracapsular fracture, more likely subtochanteric as the stuff joint provides some stability at the neck

Intracapcular NOF fracture:

Area proximal to the intertrochanteric line - Subcapital, mid-cervical, basi-cervical

The Garden classification is used for intra-capsular neck of femur fractures:

PC

Trauma (often low-energy and elderly patient), followed by:

• Pain - In groin, thigh or (commonly in elderly) referred to knee