Very common in paediatrics, 50% of children have a murmur at some point in childhood - despite only 1% of children having a congenital heart disease - mostly innocent murmurs

• murmurs are the most common reason for referral to paediatric cardiology

Normal paediatric heart sounds have a split S2 - as pulmonary valve closure is slightly delayed relative to aortic valve closure

Differential diagnosis:

• Innocent/physiological murmurs
• ventricular septal defect
• Atrial septal defect
• PDA
• Aortic valve stenosis
• Pulmonary valve stenosis