Development is linear, can’t get to a stage without completing the one before

Developmental delay

• Long term hospitalised babies
• Neglect (lack of normal social stimulation)

Pathological causes of developmental delay:

• Brain pathology (Hypertonia and Hyper-reflexia and cerebral palsy).
  • cerebral palsy: Basal ganglia damaged in hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
  • Perinatal strokes
  • Meningitis
• Peripheral nervous system pathology:
  • Erbs palsy
• Muscle pathology
  • Skeletal muscle weakness in Downs syndrome
• Sensory pathology:
  • Vision and proprioception
• May be multifactoral - E.g. pre term baby has underlying brain pathology, hospitalised