Genital warts, or anogenital warts, are a type of sexually transmitted infection (STI) characterised by small, skin-colored or grey growths in the genital area. They are typically painless and present in regions traumatised during sexual intercourse.

Epidemiology:

• The prevalence and incidence of genital warts vary globally, but it is considered one of the most common STIs.
• Factors contributing to its spread include unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, immunosuppression, and starting sexual activity at a young age.

Aetiology

Genital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), with approximately 90% of cases attributed to serotypes 6 and 11. Transmission primarily occurs through direct skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity.

PC

Patients with genital warts typically present with:

• Painless lumps on the genitals or anal area
• Lumps that are either keratinised (hard) or non-keratinised (soft)
• Areas of the body that are traumatised during sexual intercourse are commonly affected

Investigation

Diagnosis of genital warts is predominantly clinical, made through a detailed history and visual inspection of the warts.

In uncertain cases, a biopsy can be performed for histopathological confirmation.

Differential diagnosis