GORD = acid from the stomach refluxes through the lower oesophageal sphincter and irritates the lining of the oesophagus

The oesophegus having a squamous epithelial lining makes it more sensitive to the effects of stomach acid, the stomach has a columnar epithelial lining (more protective against the acid)

Epidemiology

2-3x more common in men

Sx of reflux are common - 25% of adults experience heartburn and 5% have Sx daily

Risk factors:

• Family Hx of heartburn or GORD
• Older age
• Hiatus hernia
• Obesity

Weaker R/F - stress, asthma, NSAIDS, alcohol, diet

PC

Dyspepsia is a non-specific term used to describe indigestion. It covers the symptoms of GORD:

• Heartburn
• Acid regurgitation
• Retrosternal or epigastric pain
• Bloating