Functions of the kidney

1. excretion of waste and toxins
2. regulation of body fluid volume
3. regulation of body fluid composition
4. Endocrine functions: EPO, vitamin D

Chronic renal failure that develops over months or years and is irreversible

• A reduction in eGFR to <60mL/min/1.73^2 for >3 months

Causes

• Diabetes
• Hypertension
• Age-related decline
• Glomerulonephritis
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Medications such as NSAIDS, proton pump inhibitors and lithium
• atherosclerosis

Diabetes and HTN most common

PC