Ascites is a pathological collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. The most common cause is cirrhosis, accounting for approximately 75% of cases.

• More than 25ml of fluid = ascites

Aetiology

Ascites can be classified as:

• Acute - More likely inflammatory
• Chronic - Malnutrition and oncotic pressure

According to the SAAG:

PC

• Abdominal distension and weight gain
• Dyspnoea
• Abdominal pain and tightness
• Nausea and loss of appetite

Consider risk factors for liver disease - Alcohol, jaundice, HX of chronic HepB/C, obesity, T2DM

Examination:

• Divarication of recti
• Abdominal distension
• shifting dullness - At least 1500 ml of fluid must be present for a result. An ultrasound scan will detect much less fluid with greater certainty.