Acute interstitial nephritis accounts for 25% of drug-induced acute kidney injury.

Causes

• drugs: the most common cause, particularly antibiotics
  • penicillin
  • rifampicin
  • NSAIDs
  • allopurinol
  • furosemide
• systemic disease: SLE, sarcoidosis, and Sjögren's syndrome
• infection: Hanta virus , staphylococci

Pathophysiology

• histology: marked interstitial oedema and interstitial infiltrate in the connective tissue between renal tubules

Characteristic triad:

• rash
• fever
• eosinophilia

Features

• fever, rash, arthralgia
• hypertension

Investigations

Bedside